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KMID : 1142820180020020025
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Bio, Ethics and Policy
2018 Volume.2 No. 2 p.25 ~ p.46
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Ethical Framing of Human Germline Genome Editing by CRISPR-Cas9
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Jun Bang-Ook
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Abstract
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CRISPR-Cas9, a newly developed site-specific nuclease, makes old concern about human germline modification real as shown by eight experiments on human embryo. The focus on the paper will be on the ethical framing of embryo gene editing by CRISPR-Cas9. According the four ethical principles by Beauchamp and Childress, the ethical issues and concerns in basic studies, priclinical studies and clinical studies were categorized. Germline editing raises issues and concerns on the instrumentalization of embryos, protection of germline donors, risk-to-benefit ratio, slippery slope, unexpected effect, change of human gene pool, and threat on disability right by principle of non-maleficence. It raises issues on the creation of useful knowledge, reduction of clinical risks, reproduction of genetic children, contribution to health welfare, and incidental findings by principle of beneficence. It raises issues and concerns on the informed consent, follow up experiment, confidentiality, and reproductive autonomy by principle of respect for autonomy. And it also raises issues and concerns on inequity and violating human rights by principle of justice. Framing by these four principles of medical ethics allows us to better understand the ethics involved in germline genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9.
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KEYWORD
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CRISPR-Cas9, genome editing, human germline editing, four principles of medical ethics, ethical framing
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